ترجمه مقاله در مورد خندیدن در حیوانات

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شرح پروژه

سلام 

مقاله ای که ضمیمه کردم در مورد خندیدن در حیوانات ( موش ) هست، نیازمند ترجمه ی این مقاله یا مقاله ی علمی دیگری در مورد خندیدن در حیوانات هستم. لطفا دوستانی که توانایی ترجمه دارند ( یا مقاله ی آماده ی دیگری در این زمینه دارند)  زمان و هزینه ی پیشنهادی خودشان را اعلام کنند.

نکته : نیاز نیست تمام صفحات مقاله کلمه به کلمه ترجمه شود، توضیح علمی فرآیند تحقیقات و نتیجه ی تحیقیقات نیز کافی است.

با تشکر

سایت مقاله : 

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0051959

بخشی از چیکده مقاله : 

Emotions can bias human decisions- for example depressed or anxious people tend to make pessimistic
judgements while those in positive affective states are often more optimistic. Several studies have
reported that affect contingent judgement biases can also be produced in animals. The animals,
however, cannot self-report; therefore, the valence of their emotions, to date, could only be assumed.
Here we present the results of an experiment where the affect-contingent judgement bias has been
produced by objectively measured positive emotions. We trained rats in operant Skinner boxes to press
one lever in response to one tone to receive a food reward and to press another lever in response to a
different tone to avoid punishment by electric foot shock. After attaining a stable level of discrimination
performance, the animals were subjected to either handling or playful, experimenter-administered
manual stimulation – tickling. This procedure has been confirmed to induce a positive affective state in
rats, and the 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalisations (rat laughter) emitted by animals in response to tickling
have been postulated to index positive emotions akin to human joy. During the tickling and handling
sessions, the numbers of emitted high-frequency 50-kHz calls were scored

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